Magnetic field generator and its manufacturing method

ABSTRACT

There is provided a magnetic field generator ( 10 ) and a method of manufacturing it, capable of reducing decline in the magnetic field intensity and deterioration of magnetic field uniformity during transportation.  
     The magnetic field generator ( 10 ) includes a pair of plate yokes ( 12   a ), ( 12   b ). The plate yokes ( 12   a ), ( 12   b ) are opposed to each other, with their opposing faces provided with permanent magnet assemblies ( 14   a ), ( 14   b ) respectively. The permanent magnet assemblies ( 14   a ), ( 14   b ) have faces opposing to each other, to which pole pieces ( 16   a ), ( 16   b ) are fixed respectively. The permanent magnet assemblies ( 14   a ), ( 14   b ) include permanent magnets ( 18 ). The pole pieces ( 16   a ), ( 16   b ) include annular projection ( 24 ) and permanent magnets ( 28 ) for prevention of magnetic flux leakage provided on an outer side surface of the annular projection ( 24 ). The permanent magnets ( 18 ), ( 28 ) include R—Fe—B magnets magnetized to a magnetization rate not smaller than 80% and not greater than 99.9%. When manufactured, the assembled magnetic field generator ( 10 ) is heated in its entirety at a temperature not lower than 40° C. and not higher than 70° C.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a magnetic field generator and amanufacturing method thereof. More specifically, the present inventionrelates to a magnetic field generator for MRI and a manufacturing methodthereof.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, a magnetic field generator for MRI receives completeadjustment of magnetic field intensity and magnetic field uniformitybefore shipment, and then transported to destination in a container forexample.

However, despite such deliberate procedures, it sometimes happens thatupon arrival, the magnetic field intensity has decreased, or themagnetic field uniformity has deteriorated down below an acceptablelimit, and therefore readjustment must be made to the magnetic fieldgenerator.

This problem is particularly conspicuous in a magnetic field generatorwhich makes use of magnetic flux leakage prevention magnets in order toreduce magnetic flux leakage and to concentrate magnetic flux from themain magnets to a center region. The problem is also conspicuous inexporting a magnetic field generator using a container, as well as in amagnetic field generator which has become popular recently in which astrong magnetic field (with a center magnetic field intensity being 0.25T or greater) is generated for increased imaging speed.

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide amagnetic field generator and a method of manufacturing it, capable ofreducing the decline in the magnetic field intensity and thedeterioration of magnetic field uniformity during transportation.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided amagnetic field generator comprising: a pair of first magnets including aR—Fe—B magnet which are faced to each other with a space in between; anda yoke supporting the first magnets. The R—Fe—B magnet is magnetized toa magnetization rate not smaller than 80% and not greater than 99.9%.

In the present application, the term “magnetization rate” means a rateof magnetization at a normal temperature (25° C.).

According to the present invention, the R—Fe—B magnet (R represents arare-earth element including Yttrium (Y), Fe represents iron and Brepresents boron) is controlled to have a final magnetization rate ofnot smaller than 80% and not greater than 99.9%, whereby it becomespossible to reduce demagnetization caused by time or environmentalfactors such as temperature increase, of a magnetic field generatorwhich has been assembled without altering its intrinsic coercive force.Therefore, it becomes possible to reduce decline in the magnetic fieldintensity and deterioration of magnetic field uniformity duringtransportation of the magnetic field generator, making sure that themagnetic field generator has a high magnetic field uniformity uponarrival at a place of installation.

It should be noted here that if the final magnetization rate of theR—Fe—B magnet is less than 80%, it becomes impossible to take fulladvantage of magnetic characteristics of the magnet, which leads to useof an increased amount of magnet and decreased efficiency. On the otherhand, if the magnet is used at a final magnetization rate exceeding99.9%, temperature changes and so on during transportation cause a largedemagnetization.

The present invention is suitable to a case where the magnetic fieldgenerator further comprises pole pieces provided on the opposed faces ofthe pair of the first magnets respectively, and the pole piece includesan annular projection and a second magnet for prevention of magneticflux leakage provided on an outer side surface of the annularprojection. Generally, the second magnet provided for prevention ofmagnetic flux leakage enables to reduce magnetic flux leakage, but onthe other hand the second magnet tends to demagnetize the first magnetwhich is the main magnet. However, according to the present invention,the magnetization rate of the R—Fe—B magnet included in the first magnetis lowered in advance, whereby the addition of the second magnet doesnot adversely influence the first magnet as much, and it becomespossible to reduce change in magnetic field intensity and deteriorationof magnetic field uniformity in the magnetic field generator. Further,if a heating process is performed to the magnetic field generator afterthe second magnet for prevention of magnetic flux leakage is assembled,it becomes possible to reduce change in magnetic field intensity anddeterioration of magnetic field uniformity thereafter, to a greaterextent.

The present invention is suitable to a case where the R—Fe—B magnet doesnot essentially contain Co and/or Dy. R—Fe—B magnets which do notcontain cobalt (Co) or dysprosium (Dy) have a small intrinsic coerciveforce, are prone to thermal demagnetization, weak to reverse magneticfields, and therefore more susceptible to changes in the magnetic fieldintensity and magnetic field uniformity in each case. However, accordingto the present invention, by lowering the final magnetization rate ofthe R—Fe—B magnet in advance, it is possible to reduce change inmagnetic field intensity and deterioration of magnetic field uniformityeven if the magnet used does not contain Co or Dy which are expensiveelements.

It should be noted that in this invention, the term “not essentiallycontain” means that a rate of inclusion is not greater than 0.1 weightpercent.

Further, the present invention is suitable to a case where requireduniformity of magnetic field intensity is within 100 ppm (i.e. at eachpoint in a uniform magnetic field space, magnetic field intensity iswithin ±50 ppm of a magnetic field intensity at the center (referencemagnetic field intensity)). Since the present invention is able toreduce change in magnetic field intensity and deterioration of magneticfield uniformity, it is easy to control magnetic field intensity errorswithin the given range even in a case where a highly precise magneticfield intensity is required with an error range of 100 ppm.

The present invention is suitable to a case where the magnetic fieldgenerator is to be transported in a container. For instance, when themagnetic field generator is transported in a container which is notprovided with air conditioning, temperature inside the container canrise as high as 70° C., which can easily cause change in the magneticfield intensity and deterioration of magnetic field uniformity. However,according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the changein magnetic field intensity and the deterioration of magnetic fielduniformity even when transportation is made in such a container.

Further, the present invention is suitable to a case where a uniformmagnetic field space has a magnetic field intensity not smaller than0.25 T. Demagnetization occurs at a percentage, and therefore amount ofchange in magnetic field intensity becomes larger as a magnetic fieldintensity is larger. Therefore, when a uniform magnetic field space hasa large magnetic field intensity such as not smaller than 0.25 T, theamount of change in the magnetic field intensity will also be large.However, according to the present invention, it is possible to reducechanges in the magnetic field intensity even when the magnetic fieldintensity is as large as the above.

It should be noted that the term “uniform magnetic field space” is amagnetic field space in which differences in the magnetic fieldintensity is within 100 ppm.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method of manufacturing a magnetic field generator, comprising: afirst step of assembling a magnetic field generator including a R—Fe—Bmagnet, and a second step of heating the entire magnetic field generatorwhich has been assembled, at a temperature not lower than 40° C. and nothigher than 70° C.

In this invention, a magnetic field generator is assembled using amagnet which has a magnetization rate exceeding 99.9%, and then theentire magnetic field generator is heated, whereby the magnet includedin the magnetic field generator is demagnetized to a lower magnetizationrate. This assures that a magnetic field generated by the magnetic fieldgenerator is stable over a long time despite environmental changes suchas temperature increase, making possible to reduce decline in themagnetic field intensity and deterioration of magnetic field uniformityduring transportation of the magnetic field generator, allowing themagnetic field generator to maintain a highly accurate magnetic fieldupon arrival at a place of installation.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a method of manufacturing a magnetic field generator,comprising: a first step of assembling a pole-piece unit by fixing amagnet including a R—Fe—B magnet to a plate yoke; a second step ofheating the pole-piece unit which has been assembled, at a temperaturenot lower than 40° C. and not higher than 70° C.; and a third step offixing the heated pole-piece unit to a supporting yoke.

In this invention, a pole-piece unit is assembled and then the entirepole-piece unit is heated, whereby the magnet included in the pole-pieceunit is demagnetized to a lower magnetization rate. This assures that amagnetic field generated by a magnetic field generator using thispole-piece unit is stable over a long time, making possible to reducedecline in the magnetic field intensity and deterioration of magneticfield uniformity during transportation of the magnetic field generator.Further, the method requires a smaller heating space than the case wherethe entire magnetic field generator is heated.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a method of manufacturing a magnetic field generator,comprising: a first step of forming a magnet including a R—Fe—B magnet;a second step of heating the magnet at a temperature not lower than 40°C. and not higher than 70° C.; a third step of magnetizing the heatedmagnet; and a fourth step of fixing the magnetized magnet to a plateyoke.

In this invention, a magnet is heated and then magnetized, individually,whereby the magnet is magnetized to a low magnetization rate. Thisassures that a magnetic field generated by a magnetic field generatorusing this magnet is stable over a long time, making possible to reducedecline in the magnetic field intensity and deterioration of magneticfield uniformity during transportation of the magnetic field generator.Further, the method requires a smaller heating space than the case wherethe entire magnetic field generator is heated or the case where thepole-piece unit is heated, making possible to make use of a smallheater.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method of manufacturing a magnetic field generator, comprising: afirst step of forming a magnet including a R—Fe—B magnet; a second stepof magnetizing the magnet to a magnetization rate exceeding 99.9%; athird step of demagnetizing the magnetized magnet to a magnetizationrate not smaller than 80% and not greater than 99.9%; and a fourth stepof fixing the demagnetized magnet to a plate yoke.

In this invention, a magnet is magnetized to a magnetization rateexceeding 99.9% and then demagnetized to a lower magnetization rate.This assures that a magnetic field generated by a magnetic fieldgenerator using this magnet is stable over a long time, making possibleto reduce decline in the magnetic field intensity and deterioration ofmagnetic field uniformity during transportation of the magnetic fieldgenerator. Further, operating efficiency is high because demagnetizingprocess is made when the magnet is still in individual state of magnet.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a primary portion of theembodiment in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example of a permanent magnetassembly used in the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a magnetizer used inthe present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a heater used in thepresent invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in magnetic field intensity of apermanent magnet over time;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a change in magnetic field intensity of apermanent magnet caused by temperature increase; and

FIG. 8(a) shows a magnetic flux distribution in a magnetic fieldgenerator which has magnetic flux leakage prevention magnets, whereas

FIG. 8(b) shows a magnetic flux distribution in a magnetic fieldgenerator which does not have magnetic flux leakage prevention magnets.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be describedwith reference to the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a magnetic field generator 10 for MRI asan embodiment of the present invention is an open type magnetic fieldgenerator for MRI, and includes a pair of pole-piece units 11 a, 11 bwhich are faced to each other forming a space in between.

The pole-piece units 11 a, 11 b include plate yokes 12 a, 12 brespectively. This pair of plate yokes 12 a, 12 b are opposed to eachother, with their opposing faces provided with permanent magnetassemblies 14 a, 14 b respectively. The permanent magnet assemblies 14a, 14 b have faces opposing to each other, to which pole pieces 16 a, 16b are fixed respectively.

As is clear from FIG. 3, the permanent magnet assemblies 14 a, 14 b eachinclude a plurality of parallelepiped permanent magnets 18. Thepermanent magnets 18 are provided by e.g. NEOMAX-47 (manufactured bySumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd ), or a high magnetic flux density typeR—Fe—B magnet which includes essentially no Co and/or Dy, and ismagnetized to e.g. a magnetization rate not smaller than 80% and notgreater than 99.9% at the normal temperature. For instance, thepermanent magnet 18 which will have a magnetic flux density of 0.3824 Tat a magnetization rate of 100% is magnetized to have a magnetic fluxdensity of 0.3820 T. The permanent magnet 18 is obtained by assembling aplurality of unillustrated unit magnets.

The pole piece 16 a includes a disc-shaped base plate 20 made of e.g.iron disposed on the permanent magnet assembly 14 a. The base plate 20has a surface provided with a silicon steel plate 22 in order to preventgeneration of eddy current. The silicon steel plate 22 is fixed onto thebase plate 20 with an adhesive. The base plate 20 has a circumferentialedge surrounded by an annular projection 24 made of iron for example,for increased and uniform magnetic field intensity in thecircumferential edge area. The annular projection 24 includes aplurality of annular projection pieces 26. The annular projection 24 isformed by fixing each of the annular projection pieces 26 on acircumferential edge of the silicon steel plate 22.

Each annular projection 24 has an outer side surface provided with apermanent magnet 28 for prevention of magnetic flux leakage. Thepermanent magnet 28 is provided by NEOMAX-39SH (manufactured by SumitomoSpecial Metals Co., Ltd ), or a high coercive force type R—Fe—B magnet,and is magnetized to e.g. a magnetization rate not smaller than 80% andnot greater than 99.9% at the normal temperature. For instance, thepermanent magnet 28 which will have a magnetic flux density of 0.3824 Tat a magnetization rate of 100% is magnetized to have a magnetic fluxdensity of 0.3820 T. The permanent magnet 28 is obtained by assembling aplurality of unillustrated unit magnets.

The permanent magnet 28 enables to induce magnetic flux between the polepieces 16 a, 16 b, and to reduce magnetic flux leakage. In order toprevent magnetic flux leakage from the bottom of the permanent magnet28, the permanent magnet 28 preferably has its bottom essentiallycontacted (placed within 5 mm) to the permanent magnet assembly 14 a.When the permanent magnet 28 and the permanent magnet assembly 14 a areplaced within such a close distance, the magnets are prone todemagnetization, and this is also true for the pole piece 16 b.

As shown in FIG. 2, the permanent magnets 28 on the lower pole piece 16a are magnetized in a magnetization direction A1 or in an inwarddirection, which is different from a magnetization direction B1 for eachpermanent magnet 18 of the permanent magnet assembly 14 a. Thesepermanent magnets 28 are magnetized at a magnetization angle of θ1,which is an angle made by the magnetization direction A1 of thepermanent magnet 28 with respect to a main surface 30 a (horizontal) ofthe permanent magnet assembly 14 a. On the other hand, the permanentmagnets 28 on the upper pole piece 16 b are magnetized in amagnetization direction A2 or in an outward direction, which isdifferent from a magnetization direction B2 for each permanent magnet 18of the permanent magnet assembly 14 b. These permanent magnets 28 aremagnetized at a magnetization angle of θ2, which is an angle made by themagnetization directionA2 of the permanent magnet 28 with respect to amain surface 30 b (horizontal) of the permanent magnet assembly 14 b.

The plate yokes 12 a, 12 b are respectively formed with a plurality ofthrough holes 32 a, 32 b. The permanent magnet assemblies 14 a, 14 b arerespectively formed with through holes 34 a, 34 b at locationscorresponding to the through holes 32 a, 32 b. Further, the pole pieces16a, 16 b have their respective base plates 20 formed with threadedholes 36 a, 36 b, at locations corresponding to the through holes 34 a,34 b respectively.

With the above construction, a fixing bolt 38 a for fixing the polepiece is inserted into each of the through holes 32 a and 34 a, i.e.through the plate yoke 12 a and the permanent magnet assembly 14 a, andthreaded into the threaded hole 36 a, fixing the pole piece 16 a to themain surface of the permanent magnet assembly 14 a. Likewise, a fixingbolt 38 b for fixing the pole piece is inserted into each of the throughholes 32 b and 34 b, i.e. through the plate yoke 12 b and the permanentmagnet assembly 14 b, and threaded into the threaded hole 36 b, fixingthe pole piece 16 b to the main surface of the permanent magnet assembly14 b.

The plate yokes 12 a, 12 b are magnetically connected by a platysupporting yoke 40. Specifically, the supporting yoke 40 has its lowerend surface faced by an upper end surface of the plate yoke 12 a whereasthe supporting yoke 40 has its upper end surface faced by a lower endsurface of the plate yoke 12 b when the supporting yoke 40 is connectedto the plate yokes 12 a, 12 b. Therefore, the supporting yoke 40 isconnected to each of the plate yokes 12 a, 12 b generally at a 90-degreeangle, making up a shape of tipped U as in a side view.

Referring to FIG. 1, reinforcing members 42 are formed on an innersurface made by the plate yoke 12 a and the supporting yoke 40, atlocations farthest from the permanent magnet assembly 14 a (According tothe present embodiment, the locations represent two ends of an innersurface made by the plate yoke 12 a and the supporting yoke 40).Likewise, reinforcing members 42 are formed on an inner surface made bythe plate yoke 12 b and the supporting yoke 40, at locations farthestfrom the permanent magnet assembly 14 b (According to the presentembodiment, the locations represent two ends of an inner surface made bythe plate yoke 12 b and the supporting yoke 40). Therefore, the plateyoke 12 a and the supporting yoke 40 as well as the plate yoke 12 b andthe supporting yoke 40 are connected more strongly by the reinforcingmembers 42.

The plate yoke 12 a has a lower surface provided with four legs 44.

In the magnetic field generator 10 as described above, a magnetic fieldintensity required in a uniform magnetic field space F (See FIG. 2) isnot smaller than 0.25 T for example.

Next, description will cover manufacturing methods of the magnetic fieldgenerator 10.

It should be noted here that the permanent magnet 18 which is used as amain magnet and the permanent magnet 28 which is used as a magnetic fluxleakage prevention magnet are magnetized and demagnetized using amagnetizer 50 such as shown FIG. 4. The magnetizer 50 includes amagnetizing coil 52. The permanent magnet 18 or the permanent magnet 28is placed on a table 54, and then inserted into the magnetizing coil 52.The magnetizing coil 52 is connected to a magnetizing power source 58via a selector switch 56. Therefore, the magnetizer 50 can work as amagnetizer or a demagnetizer depending on an operation of the selectorswitch 56.

Further, the permanent magnets 18 and 28 are heated in a heating unit 60such as shown in FIG. 5. The heating unit 60 includes a heating bath 62having an upper portion and a lower portion each provided with a heater64. The heaters 64 are controlled by a temperature controller 66. Thepermanent magnets 18 and 28 are transported from an entrance to an exitof the heating bath 62 by a conveyer 68. The permanent magnet 18 (28) isheated to a predetermined temperature in the heating bath 62.

(Manufacturing Method 1)

Description will be made for a case in which the entire magnetic fieldgenerator 10 is heated.

First, the magnetic field generator 10 is assembled completely. In thisstep, the permanent magnets 18 and 28 are already magnetized using e.g.the magnetizer 50 such as shown in FIG. 4, to a magnetization rateexceeding 99.9%. Here, the term “magnetization to a magnetization rateexceeding 99.9%” means a generally saturated state of magnetization. Ingeneral, this is achieved by applying a magnetic field not smaller thanthree times a coercive force of the magnet.

Then, a room which can accommodate the magnetic field generator 10 isheated uniformly to a predetermined temperature by a heater, in whichthe magnetic field generator 10 is introduced, heated and allowed todemagnetize. The magnetic field generator 10 is heated to a desiredtemperature not lower than 40° C. and not higher than 70° C. forexample. Within this temperature range, it is possible to control thepermanent magnets 18 and 28 to have a magnetization rate not smallerthan 80% and not greater than 99.9% at the normal temperature. Theheating temperature is determined by a desired rate of magnetization.Thereafter, a final magnetic field adjustment is performed.

According to this method, the heating process performed after thecomplete assembly of the magnetic field generator 10 reduces themagnetization rate of the permanent magnets 18 and 28 to not smallerthan 80% and not greater than 99.9%. This enables to reducedemagnetization thereafter, caused by aging or heat. Thus, it ispossible to reduce decline in the magnetic field intensity anddeterioration of the magnetic field uniformity of the magnetic fieldgenerator 10 during transportation.

The main magnet or the permanent magnet 18 is prone to demagnetizationby the permanent magnet 28 used for prevention of magnetic flux leakage.However, according to the method described, the magnetic field generator10 which includes the permanent magnets 18 and 28 is heated todemagnetize the permanent magnets 18 and 28, and then the final magneticfield adjustment is performed. This reduces deterioration of magneticfield uniformity thereafter, making possible to reduce adverse influencefrom the permanent magnet 28 which is used for prevention of magneticflux leakage.

Thus, the magnetic field generator 10 maintains a high level of magneticfield uniformity upon arrival at a place of installation even if it issubjected to a high temperature during transportation.

Alternatively, the magnetic field generator 10 may be heated fromwithin, i.e. heaters may be embedded in the plate yoke 12 a, the plateyoke 12 b and so on in advance, and turned on to raise the temperatureof the magnetic field generator 10 from within. In this case, the entiremagnetic field generator 10 is preferably covered with a thermallyinsulating material such as a foam resin.

(Manufacturing Method 2)

Description will be made for a case in which the pole-piece unit 11 a isheated.

First, the pole-piece unit 11 a is assembled. In this step, thepermanent magnets 18 and 28 are already magnetized using e.g. themagnetizer 50 shown in FIG. 4 to a magnetization rate exceeding 99.9%.

Then, a room which can accommodate the pole-piece unit 11 a is heateduniformly by a heater, in which the pole-piece unit 11 a is introduced,heated and allowed to demagnetize. Following essentially the sameprocedure as in the Manufacturing Method 1, the pole-piece unit 11 a isheated to a desired temperature of e.g. not lower than 40° C. and nothigher than 70° C., depending on a selected rate of magnetization(selected from the range not lower than 80% and not higher than 99.9%).The same procedure is performed to the pole-piece unit 11 b.

Thereafter, the pole-piece units 11 a, 11 b are fixed to the supportingyoke 40 to obtain the magnetic field generator 10, and then a finaladjustment on the magnetic field uniformity is performed beforeshipment.

According to this method, the heating process performed to the assembledpole-piece units 11 a, 11 b enables to reduce decline in the magneticfield intensity and deterioration of the magnetic field uniformity ofthe magnetic field generator which includes the pole-piece units 11 a,11 b during transportation. The permanent magnet 28 used for preventionof magnetic flux leakage tends to adversely influence the main magnet orthe permanent magnet 18. However, according to the method described, thepole-piece units which include the permanent magnets 18 and 28 areheated to demagnetize the permanent magnets 18 and 28, and then thefinal magnetic field adjustment is performed. This reduces deteriorationof magnetic field uniformity thereafter, making possible to reduceadverse influence from the permanent magnet 28 which is used forprevention of magnetic flux leakage. Further, this method requires asmaller heating space than the case where heating step is performedafter the entire magnetic field generator 10 has been assembled.

(Manufacturing Method 3)

Description will be made for a case in which the permanent magnet 18 isassembled, heated and then magnetized.

In this case, the following steps are performed after assembling thepermanent magnet 18 and before bonding to the plate yokes 12 a, 12 b:

First, the permanent magnet 18 is placed in e.g. the heating bath 62 ofthe heating unit 60 shown in FIG. 5, to heat the entire permanent magnet18 uniformly to e.g. 60° C. It should be noted that the permanent magnet18 can be heated at a desired temperature of e.g. not lower than 40° C.and not higher than 70° C. The heated permanent magnet 18 is then takenout of the heating bath 62. Then, using e.g. the magnetizer 50 shown inFIG. 4, a momentarily high magnetic field (not smaller than 3 T) isapplied to the permanent magnet 18, to magnetize the permanent magnet 18to a magnetization rate not smaller than 80% and not greater than 99.9%.Since the magnetization rate is lower under high temperatures than underlow temperatures, magnetizing the permanent magnet 18 which is heated toa high temperature has essentially the same effect as magnetizing andthen thermally demagnetizing the permanent magnet 18 (See ManufacturingMethod 5 to be described later).

The permanent magnet 28 is processed using the same step.

Thereafter, the permanent magnets 18 and 28 are fixed to the plate yokes12 a, 12 b, and the magnetic field generator 10 is assembled.

The magnetic field generator 10 using the permanent magnets 18 and 28obtained through this method enables to reduce decline in the magneticfield intensity and deterioration of the magnetic field uniformityduring transportation. Further, this method requires a smaller heatingspace than the case where heating step is performed to the entire themagnetic field generator 10 or the pole-piece units 11 a, 11 b, so theheating unit 60 may be small.

Once magnetized, permanent magnets have magnetic power, exerting pullingand repelling forces. For safety reasons therefore, it is preferablethat the heated permanent magnets should be magnetized and usedsuccessively, only in a quantity to be attached to the plate yokes 12 a,12 b.

(Manufacturing Method 4)

Description will be made for a case in which the permanent magnet 18 isassembled, magnetized and then demagnetized by applying a reversemagnetic field.

In this case, the following steps are performed after assembling thepermanent magnet 18 and before bonding to the plate yokes 12 a, 12 b:

First, a momentarily high magnetic field (not smaller than 3 T) isapplied to the permanent magnet 18, to magnetize the permanent magnet 18to a magnetization rate exceeding 99.9%. Then, the magnetized permanentmagnet 18 is demagnetized by applying a reverse magnetic field (0.1 T-2T) to reduce the magnetization rate to not smaller than 80% and notgrater than 99.9%. The magnetization and the demagnetization of thepermanent magnet 18 are made by using e.g. the magnetizer 50 shown inFIG. 4.

The permanent magnet 28 is processed using the same step.

Thereafter, the permanent magnets 18 and 28 are fixed to the plate yokes12 a, 12 b, and the magnetic field generator 10 is assembled.

According to the magnetic field generator 10 using the permanent magnets18 and 28 obtained through this method, it is possible to reduce declinein the magnetic field intensity and deterioration of the magnetic fielduniformity during transportation. Further, deferring from thedemagnetization by heating, this method requires a shorter time, and sooperation efficiency is high.

(Manufacturing Method 5)

Description will be made for a case in which the permanent magnet 18 isassembled, magnetized and then thermally demagnetized.

In this case, the following steps are performed after assembling thepermanent magnet 18 and before bonding to the plate yokes 12 a, 12 b:

First, a momentarily high magnetic field (not smaller than 3 T) isapplied to magnetize the permanent magnet 18 to a magnetization rateexceeding 99.9% by using e.g. the magnetizer 50 shown in FIG. 4. Then,the magnetized permanent magnet 18 is thermally demagnetized by placingin a furnace (40° C.-70° C.) provided with heaters, down to amagnetization rate not smaller than 80% and not greater than 99.9%.

The permanent magnet 28 is processed using the same step.

The permanent magnets 18 and 28 are fixed to the plate yokes 12 a, 12 b,and the magnetic field generator 10 is assembled.

According to the magnetic field generator 10 using the permanent magnets18 and 28 obtained through this method, it is possible to reduce declinein the magnetic field intensity and deterioration of the magnetic fielduniformity during transportation.

Alternatively to the manufacturing methods described so far, thepermanent magnets may be first slightly magnetized in a reversedirection, and then magnetized in the normal direction to achieve thedesired rate of magnetization. In this case, the greater the rate ofmagnetization in the reverse direction, the greater must be the magneticfield intensity to be applied thereafter in the normal magnetizationdirection.

Further, as an alternative step of demagnetization, a reverse magneticfield may be applied to the entire magnetic field generator 10 or theentire pole-piece units 11 a, 11 b.

As a reference, an experiment on a permanent magnet will be describedwith reference to FIG. 6.

In the experiment, the permanent magnet was provided by NEOMAX-47. Thepermanent magnet was subjected to a heating process (magnetization to100%, followed by heating to 50° C. for 24 hours) in one case, whereasno heating process was made in another case. The two cases were comparedwith each other in terms of change in magnetic field intensity overtime.

The permanent magnet which was subjected to the heating process was setto a magnetization rate of 99% whereas the permanent magnet notsubjected to the heating process was set to a magnetization rate of100%. Then, during the experiment, the permanent magnets were maintainedat 32° C. without a reverse magnetic field.

As understood from FIG. 6, the heating process remarkably reduces therate of magnetic field change of the permanent magnet over the casewhere the permanent magnet is not subjected to the heating process.

Next, another experiment will be described with reference to FIG. 7.

In the experiment, a permanent magnet was provided by NEOMAX-47. Onepermanent magnet was subjected to heating process at 55° C., anotherpermanent magnet was subjected to a demagnetizing process by reversemagnetic field process, and still another permanent magnet was subjectedto none of them, and comparison was made in terms of change in theirmagnetic field intensity to temperature increase.

In the “55° C. heating process”, the permanent magnet was magnetized toa magnetization rate of 100%, and then maintained at 55° C. for 2 hours,to obtain a magnetization rate of 99.9%. In the “demagnetizing processby reverse magnetic field”, the permanent magnet was magnetized to amagnetization rate of 100%, and then demagnetization was performed byincreasing the reverse magnetic field until surface magnetic fieldintensity became equal to that of the permanent magnet processed in the55° C. heating process.

As understood from FIG. 7, the 55° C. heating process and thedemagnetizing process by reverse magnetic field remarkably reduce therate of change in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet totemperature increase, compared to the case where the permanent magnetwas not subjected to these processes.

Further, the 55° C. heating process reduces the rate of magnetic fieldchange in the permanent magnet caused by temperature increase more thanthe demagnetizing process by reverse magnetic field. This is because theheating process works uniformly to the entire permanent magnet whereasin the demagnetizing process by reverse magnetic field thedemagnetization does not work as uniformly to the permanent magnet.

The results shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 suggest that use of the permanentmagnets which have undergone the heating process or the demagnetizingprocess by reverse magnetic field as the main magnet and/or the magneticflux leakage prevention magnet enables to reduce demagnetization of themain magnet and of the magnetic flux leakage prevention magnet due toaging and temperature increase, and to reduce changes in magnetic fieldintensity as well as to reduce deterioration of the magnetic fielduniformity after the magnetic field generator has been assembled.

FIG. 8 shows a magnetic flux distribution in the magnetic fieldgenerator.

FIG. 8(a) shows a magnetic flux distribution in a magnetic fieldgenerator which has magnetic flux leakage prevention magnets, whereasFIG. 8(b) shows a magnetic flux distribution in a magnetic fieldgenerator which does not have magnetic flux leakage prevention magnets.It should be noted that the case in FIG. 8(a) recorded a center magneticfield intensity of 0.262 T, whereas the case in FIG. 8(b) recorded acenter magnetic field intensity of 0.215 T.

As understood from comparison between (a) and (b) in FIG. 8, use of themagnetic flux leakage prevention magnets induces a magnetic flux betweenthe pole pieces whereas a magnetic flux becomes less on the outer sideof the magnetic flux leakage prevention magnets. In other words, themagnetic flux leakage prevention magnets and the permanent magnetassembly repel each other and thus are prone to demagnetize each other.Therefore, a magnetic field generator which uses magnetic flux leakageprevention magnets is more prone to changes in magnetic field intensityand distribution by temperature increase. Therefore, application of thisinvention to magnetic field generators which use magnetic flux leakageprevention magnets is effective in reducing the deterioration ofmagnetic field uniformity.

Further, R—Fe—B magnets used in the permanent magnets 18 and 28 are moreprone to thermal demagnetization at relatively low temperatures thanferrite magnets and Sm—Co magnets. However, it is possible to reduce thethermal demagnetization of the R—Fe—B magnets by lowering themagnetization rate as in the above embodiments.

If the permanent magnet 18 is required to have a high residual magneticflux density, a ternary-system R—Fe—B magnet which does not essentiallycontain Co is used as described above. In this case, thermaldemagnetization is greater than in a permanent magnet containing Co, andso the advantage in applying the above embodiment is greater. Theadvantage in applying the above embodiment is also significant when themagnet does not essentially contain Dy.

Further, since it is possible to reduce change in magnetic fieldintensity and deterioration of the magnetic field uniformity, even in acase where the space between the pole-piece units must include theuniform magnetic field space F, i.e. the magnetic field space which hasmagnetic field uniformity errors within 100 ppm, it is easy to controlthe errors within the given range.

Further, it is possible to reduce change in the magnetic field intensityand deterioration of the magnetic field uniformity even when, forexample, the magnetic field generator is transported using a containerwhich is not provided with sufficient air conditioning.

Still further, it is possible to reduce change in the magnetic fieldintensity even when the uniform magnetic field space F has a largemagnetic field intensity such as 0.25 T or greater, i.e. when the changetends to be large.

The present invention being thus far described and illustrated indetail, it is obvious that these description and drawings only representan example of the present invention, and should not be interpreted aslimiting the invention. The spirit and scope of the present inventionare only limited by words used in the accompanied claims.

1. A magnetic field generator comprising: a pair of first magnetsincluding a R—Fe—B magnet which are faced to each other with a space inbetween; and a yoke supporting the first magnets, wherein the R—Fe—Bmagnet is magnetized to a magnetization rate not smaller than 80% andnot greater than 99.9%.
 2. The magnetic field generator according toclaim 1, further comprising pole pieces provided on the opposed faces ofthe first magnets respectively, wherein the pole piece includes anannular projection and a second magnet for prevention of magnetic fluxleakage provided on an outer side surface of the annular projection. 3.The magnetic field generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein theR—Fe—B magnet does not essentially contain Co and/or Dy.
 4. The magneticfield generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein required uniformityof magnetic field intensity is within 100 ppm.
 5. The magnetic fieldgenerator according to claim 1 or 2, to be transported in a container.6. The magnetic field generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein auniform magnetic field space has a magnetic field intensity not smallerthan 0.25 T.
 7. A method of manufacturing a magnetic field generator,comprising: a first step of assembling a magnetic field generatorincluding a R—Fe—B magnet, and a second step of heating the entiremagnetic field generator which has been assembled, at a temperature notlower than 40° C. and not higher than 70° C.
 8. A method ofmanufacturing a magnetic field generator, comprising: a first step ofassembling a pole-piece unit by fixing a magnet including a R—Fe—Bmagnet to a plate yoke; a second step of heating the pole-piece unitwhich has been assembled, at a temperature not lower than 40° C. and nothigher than 70° C.; and a third step of fixing the heated pole-pieceunit to a supporting yoke.
 9. A method of manufacturing a magnetic fieldgenerator, comprising: a first step of forming a magnet including aR—Fe—B magnet; a second step of heating the magnet at a temperature notlower than 40° C. and not higher than 70° C.; a third step ofmagnetizing the heated magnet; and a fourth step of fixing themagnetized magnet to a plate yoke.
 10. A method of manufacturing amagnetic field generator, comprising: a first step of forming a magnetincluding a R—Fe—B magnet; a second step of magnetizing the magnet to amagnetization rate exceeding 99.9%; a third step of demagnetizing themagnetized magnet to a magnetization rate not smaller than 80% and notgreater than 99.9%; and a fourth step of fixing the demagnetized magnetto a plate yoke.